How can water hammer be avoided?

Water hammer is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a sudden change in water flow, typically due to the quick closing of a valve. This rapid stop can create a shockwave through the plumbing system, leading to loud banging noises and potential damage to pipes and fixtures.

Shutting the valve slowly allows the water flow to decelerate gradually rather than stopping abruptly. This gradual change helps to minimize the sudden pressure fluctuations that cause water hammer. By allowing the water to slow down before the valve is fully closed, the pressure within the pipes is managed, reducing the risk of a shockwave and thereby preventing the characteristic banging associated with water hammer.

In contrast, leaving the valve open does not address the problem of pressure build-up and could potentially worsen the issue. Increasing the pipe diameter may help with overall water flow but does not specifically mitigate the effects of rapid flow changes that lead to water hammer. Using hot water does not have any direct effect on water hammer either, since the issue is primarily a result of how quickly the water flow is stopped rather than the temperature of the water.